UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA 

COLLEGE    OF    AGRICULTURE 
AGRICULTURAL   EXPERIMENT  STATION 

CIRCULAR  No.  218 

(April,  1920) 

ADVANCED=REGISTRY  TESTING  OF  DAIRY  COWS* 

By  F.  W.  WOLL  and  PAUL  I.  DOUGHERTY 


Official  Advanced-Registry  testing  is  the  best  guide  and  incentive 
to  the  breeding  of  good  dairy  cattle  that  has  ever  been  devised.  It  is 
a  nation-wide  system  within  each  of  the  dairy  breeds,  by  which  the 
actual  milk  and  butter-fat  production  of  pure-bred  cows  is  determined 
and  recorded  by  competent  disinterested  persons.  Its  coming  awaited 
the  invention  of  the  Babcock  test,  and  it  has  assumed  an  ever-increas- 
ing importance  since  the  beginning  of  the  present  century.  As  com- 
pared with  the  history  of  the  breeds  whose  development  it  guides,  it  is 
still  in  its  very  infancy.  Yet  its  influence  has  been  so  profound  that  no 
previous  score  of  years  has  showed  such  striking  progress  in  increasing 
dairy  production  as  the  last  twenty.  Families  and  strains  prepotent  in 
transmitting  a  markedly  high  production  have  been  discovered  and 
used  in  advancing  the  whole  breed  to  new  levels  of  production.  It  is 
a  definite  guide  which  helps  the  breeder  to  more  clearly  and  intelli- 
gently proceed  to  the  molding,  building  and  accumulation  of  those 
factors  of  production  which  had  previously  remained  so  obscure  and 
intangible. 

In  establishing  their  system  of  Advanced  Registry  or  Register  of 
Merit,  the  different  breed  associations  enlisted  the  cooperation  of  the 
various  state  agricultural  colleges  as  the  supervising  agencies  for  all 
such  testing  in  their  respective  states.  The  agricultural  colleges  gradu- 
ally worked  out  definite  requirements  and  checks  in  the  conduct  of 
the  dairy  tests  in  order  to  safeguard  the  good  name  of  the  tests  and 
insure  the  accuracy  of  the  records  made.  The  breed  associations  in 
their  turn  have  standardized  their  requirements  and  methods  of  pro- 
cedure so  that  the  main  features  of  the  work  are  now  alike  in  all  breeds. 


*  The  Ayrshire  Breeders'  Association,  the  Brown-Swiss  Cattle  Breeders'  Asso- 
ciation, the  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club,  the  Holstein-Friesian  Associa- 
tion of  America,  and  the  American  Shorthorn  Breeders'  Association  have  estab- 
lished Advanced  Eegistries  and  the  American  Jersey  Cattle  Club  a  Eegister  of 
Merit,  all  of  which  are  based  on  the  production  of  butterfat  by  cows  as  shown 
in  tests  conducted  by  the  various  agricultural  colleges.  This  circular  describes 
the  conditions  under  which  the  tests  are  conducted  in  this  state  and  gives  some 
of  the  more  important  results  obtained  during  the  past  year. 


2 


UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA — EXPERIMENT    STATION 


Advanced-Registry  records  have  primarily  been  made  as  a  guide  to 
breeding;  but  they  have  been  of  great  financial  benefit  to  owners  also 
through  increasing  the  values  of  high-producing  cows.  The  adver- 
tisements of  breeders  everywhere  show  the  stress  which  they  put  on 
Advanced-Register  tests,  and  the  prices  paid  at  auctions  and  private 
sales  for  animals  with  official  records,  or  for  near  relatives  of  such 
animals,  testify  to  the  direct  value  of  the  dairy  tests  to  the  breeder  and 
the  dairying  industry  in  general. 


Fig.  1.  Interested  Jap's  Santa,  296928,  Kecord  Jersey  cow  for  California: 
15,569.4  lbs.  milk,  940.72  lbs.  butterfat  (ave.  test,  6.04  per  cent)  for  one  year  at 
5  yrs.  7  mos.  old.     Owner,  University  of  California,  Davis,  Calif. 

Advanced-Registry  Testing  in  California. — The  work  in  this  state 
is  in  charge  of  the  Animal  Husbandry  Division  of  the  College  of 
Agriculture  of  the  University  of  California,  with  its  headquarters  at 
University  Farm,  Davis.  The  first  tests  were  conducted  in  1903. 
Since  that  time  the  work  has  steadily  grown  until  at  the  present  time 
from  twenty  to  thirty  supervisors  are  employed  continuously. 

Two  types  of  testing  are  now  in  general  practice:  "long-time"  or 
semi-official  yearly  tests  conducted  for  all  dairy  breeds,  and  "short- 
time"  or  strictly  official  tests  carried  on  for  the  Holstein-Friesian 
Association  alone. 

Semi-official  or  Long-time  Tests. — In  the  so-called  semi-official  tests 
for  yearly  and  ten-month  records,  the  milk  and  butterfat  production 


Circular  21; 


ADVANCED-REGISTRY  TESTING  FOR  COWS 


of  the  cows  for  two  consecutive  days  every  month  is  determined  and 
the  average  per  cent  of  fat  for  this  period  is  taken  to  represent  the 
average  quality  of  the  milk  for  the  month.  The  results  of  this  test 
are  reported  to  the  secretary  of  the  breed  association  concerned,  to 
whom  the  owner  of  the  cows  reports  the  daily  milk  yields  on  the 
completion  of  each  month ;  by  multiplying  the  average  per  cent  of  fat 
in  the  milk  for  the  two-day  testing  period  by  the  total  milk  produc- 
tion daring  the  month  the  estimated  production  of  butterfat  for  the 
month  is  ascertained.     The  sum  of  credits  for  the  months  in  a  vear 


Fig.  2.  Belladia,  31909,  Record  Guernsey  cow  for  California:  19,631.9  lbs. 
milk,  934.05  lbs.  butterfat  (ave.  test,  4.77  per  cent)  for  one  year  at  6  yrs.  5  mos. 
old.    Owner,  W.  H.  Dupee,  Santee,  Calif. 


during  which  the  cow  gives  milk  or  for  ten  consecutive  months  makes 
th  record  for  the  year  or  the  ten-month  period,  respectively.  A  ten- 
month  (or  305-day)  record  period  was  first  used  in  this  country  in 
the  conduct  of  the  California  State  Dairy  Cow  Competition,1  and  has 
been  lately  adopted  by  the  Holstein-Friesian  Association  and  the 
American  Jersey  Cattle  Club.  The  fact  that  this  record  period  largely 
does  away  with  the  temptation  to  prolong  the  milking  period  of  cows 
beyond  that  followed  in  common  dairy  practice,  and  does  not  work 
against  normal  regular  breeding  of  the  cows,  accounts  for  the  favor 
which  it  has  met  with  among  breeders  of  dairy  cattle. 

The  milk-yields  reported  by  the  owner  are  checked  up  in  various 
ways  by  the  respective  breed  associations  so  that  they  are  doubtless, 


i  Bulletin  301,  College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  California,  Nov.,  1918. 


4  UNIVERSITY   OF    CALIFORNIA — EXPERIMENT    STATION 

as  a  rule,  accurate.  While  the  figures  for  the  production  of  butterfat 
for  any  one  month  obtained  as  described  may  not  be  absolutely  correct, 
the  yearly  production  calculated  from  the  sum  of  the  monthly  data 
will  be  practically  so,  viz.,  within  at  least  a  couple  of  per  cent  of  the 
actual  production,  since  any  errors  that  may  have  occurred  in  the 
figures  for  the  separate  months  through  the  assumption  that  the 
average  quality  of  the  milk  for  the  month  corresponds  to  that  for  the 
two-day  testing  period,  will  be  evened  up  in  the  course  of  a  year  or 
ten  months. 

The  following  summary  of  the  past  six  months  shows  the  present 
status  and  the  trend  in  this  state  in  regard  to  long-time  tests: 


Holstein 

Jersey 

A 

Guernsey 

Ayrsh 

A 

Herds 

ire 

■  > 
Cows 

Milking 
Shorthorn 

A 

Total 

A 

1919 

r 
Herds 

Cows 

Herds 

Cows 

Herds 

Cows 

r 
Herds 

Cows 

Herds  Cows 

Aug. 

18 

146 

16 

115 

10 

57 

3 

11 

1 

5 

48*     334 

Sept. 

18 

179 

18 

134 

8 

43 

3 

10 

1 

6 

48*     372 

Oct. 

18 

188 

20 

155 

8 

46 

3 

11 

1 

4 

50*     404 

Nov. 

22 

200 

21 

163 

8 

51 

4 

15 

1 

5 

56*     424 

Dee. 

22 

205 

20 

131 

7 

49 

4 

17 

1 

6 

54*     408 

1920 

Jan. 

29 

232 

24 

166 

7 

51 

3 

14 

2 

7 

65*     470 

*  45,  45,  47,  53,  51,  and  62  different  herds,  respectively. 

Requirements  for  Advanced  Registry. — A  365-day  and  a  305-day 
record  period  are  now  recognized  both  by  the  American  Jersey  Cattle 
Club  and  the  Holstein-Friesian  Association  of  America.  The  butter- 
fat  requirement  for  admission  to  advanced  registry  in  the  four  prin- 
cipal breeds  tested  in  California  is  the  same :  A  heifer  two  years  old 
or  younger  must  produce  250.5  lbs.  of  butterfat  in  365  days.  This 
requirement  is  raised  .1  lb.  for  each  day  until  the  cow  reaches  five 
years  of  age.  The  requirement  from  then  on  is  360  lbs.  of  butterfat 
regardless  of  age.  The  requirements  for  10-months'  records  are  the 
same  as  for  12-months'  records  in  the  case  of  Jerseys,  and  30  lbs.  less 
in  the  case  of  Holsteins.  In  addition  the  cow  must  drop  a  living  calf 
thirteen  and  fourteen  months  from  last  freshening,  in  case  of  Jerseys 
and  Holsteins  respectviely. 

The  leading  records  on  long-time  tests  for  California  cows  will  be 
found  on  page  11  of  this  circular. 

Short-time  Official  Tests. — Official  tests  cover  periods  from  seven 
days  up,  during  which  time  the  supervisor  is  present  at  each  and  every 
milking,  weighs,  samples  and  tests  the  milk,  and  certifies  to  the  correct- 
ness of  the  record  of  production  made  by  the  cow  during  the  test 
period. 

In  a  few  cases  official  tests  have  been  carried  through  an  entire 
year  on  certain  animals.     A  California  cow,  Aaggie  Acme  of  River- 


Circular  218 


ADVANCED-REGISTRY  TESTING  FOR  COWS 


side  2d,  holds  the  breed  record  for  butterfat  production  made  under 
such  conditions  (p.  13).  Another  cow,  Raphaella  Johanna  Aaggie  3d, 
holds  the  "strictly  official' '  breed  record  for  milk  production  for  one 
year  (p.  14). 

The  ' '  strictly  official ' '  or  short-time  tests  are  now  carried  on  in  the 
Holstein  breed  alone.  Despite  a  marked  trend  toward  longer  time 
testing,  short-time  tests  continue  in  large  numbers  in  this  State.     The 


Fig.  3.  Aaggie  Acme  of  Kiverside  2d,  3  64467,  Record  Holstein  cow  for 
California:  24,690.0  lbs.  milk,  1065.42  lbs.  butterfat  (ave.  test,  4.32  per  cent) 
for  one  year  at  6  yrs.  1  mo.  old.  Owner,  A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corporation, 
Woodland,  Calif. 


number  of  Holstein  herds  tested  from  September  1,  1919,  to  January 
1,  1920,  were  as  follows : 

7-day  or  longer 51  herds 

30-day  or  longer 16  herds 

Continuously    1  herd 

Both  short-time  and  long-time 18  herds 

Long-time  alone  _ 3  herds 

Total  Holstein  herds  tested 54  herds 

The  leading  short-time  records  (7  and  30-day  records)  held  by 
California  cows  at  the  present  time  are  given  on  page  12  of  this 
circular. 

Requirements  for  Advanced  Registry. — If  a  cow  calve  on  the  day 
she  is  two  years  of  age,  or  previous  to  that  day,  she  must  produce 


b  UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT    STATION 

7.2  lbs.  fat  in  seven  consecutive  days;  for  every  day  that  she  exceeds 
two  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  calving,  up  to  the  day  she  is  five  years 
of  age,  the  requirement  is  increased  by  .00439  of  a  pound  of  fat.  This 
brings  the  increased  requirement  to  1.6  lbs.  of  fat  per  year;  the 
requirement  for  a  cow  calving  at  just  three  years  of  age  being  8.8  lbs. 
fat  in  seven  consecutive  days;  at  just  four  years  of  age,  10.4  lbs.  of 
fat.  After  a  cow  reaches  the  age  of  five  years,  there  is  no  increase  in 
the  requirement,  which  remains  at  12  lbs.  of  fat. 


Fig.  4.  Willowmoor  Vesta  4th,  34150,  Eecord  Ayrshire  cow  for  California: 
]  7,755  lbs.  milk,  753.18  lbs.  butterfat  (ave.  test,  4.24  per  cent)  for  one  year  at 
4  yrs.  5  mos.  old.     Owner,  E.  B.  McFarland,  San  Mateo,  Calif. 

Applications  for  Tests. — Applications  for  dairy  tests  should  be 
made  directly  to  the  officer  in  charge  of  Advanced  Registry  in  the  breed 
association  concerned.    A  list  of  these  officers  is  given  below : 

Ayrshires  J.  G.  Watson,  Sec'y,  Brandon,  Vt. 

Brown  Swiss Ira  Inman,  Sec'y,  Beloit,  Wis. 

Guernseys    Wm.  H.  Caldwell,  Sec'y,  Peterboro,  N.  H. 

Holstein-Friesians M.  H.  Gardner,  Supt.,  Delavan,  Wis. 

Jerseys  R.  M.  Gow,  Sec'y,  324  W.  Twentythird  St.,  N.  Y. 

Milking  Shorthorns J.  L.  Tormey,  Field  Representative,  A.  S.  B.  A., 

13  Dexter  Park  Ave.,  Chicago. 

The  owners  should  arrange  with  the  Assistant  in  Dairy  Tests, 
University  Farm,  Davis,  California,  for  the  conduct  of  tests,  at  least 


Circular  218 


ADVANCED-REGISTRY  TESTING  FOR  COWS 


a  week  before  it  is  desired  to  have  these  commence,  in  order  that 
arrangements  may  be  made  to  have  a  supervisor  in  readiness  when 
wanted.  Applications  for  tests  to  be  conducted  within  a  certain  month 
should  be  filed  before  the  fifteenth  of  the  month. 

Expense  of  Tests. — Since  no  special  funds  are  available  to  defray 
the  expenses  connected  with  the  tests  and  as  the  breeders  whose  cows 
are  tested  are  the  chief  beneficiaries  of  the  work,  certain  charges  are 
made  for  the  tests  that  aim  to  cover  all  expenses  connected  therewith. 


Fig.  5.  Euby  Pietertje  of  Forest  Hill  2d,  272974,  Highest  30-day  butterfat 
record  for  California  and  highest  senior  four-year  old  7-day  record  for  California: 
7-day  record,  667.9  lbs.  milk,  31.797  lbs.  butterfat  (ave.  test,  4.79  per  cent); 
30-day  record,  3144.5  lbs.  milk,  129.572  lbs.  butterfat  (ave.  test,  4.12  per  cent), 
both  at  4  yrs.  8  mos.  old.    Owner,  W.  J.  Higdon,  Tulare,  Calif. 


In  order  to  place  all  farmers  of  the  state  on  an  equal  footing,  flat  rates 
are  charged  for  the  conduct  of  dairy  tests.  The  rates  that  have  been 
effective  since  January  1,  1920,  are  as  follows: 

For  each  7-day  test  $35.00 

For  each  30-day  test  120.00 

For  each  additional  day 4.00 

For  each  2-day  test  10.00 

For  each  1-day  test  7.50 

For  each  2-day  test  without  preliminary  milking 9.00 

The  prices  given  include  all  direct  expenses  of  the  test  to  breeders, 
except  room  and  board  of  the  supervisor  while  on  duty,  and  trans- 
portation to  and  from  the  nearest  railway  station  or  ranch  where 


8  UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA — EXPERIMENT    STATION 

tests  are  conducted.  The  College  furnishes  the  necessary  apparatus 
for  conducting  dairy  tests,  except  a  Babcock  tester  and  sulfuric  acid, 
which  must  be  supplied  by  the  breeder.  He  also  provides  milk 
sampling  jars  and  packing  for  composite  sample  bottles,  and  pays 
notary  fees,  if  any. 

As  there  are  no  college  funds  available  for  this  work,  it  is  impera- 
tive that  testing  bills  be  paid  promptly.  No  new  tests  will  be  auth- 
orized for  a  given  breeder  unless  previous  testing  bills  are  paid  within 
thirty  days. 

N timber  of  Cows  that  may  be  Tested  at  a  Time. — The  following 
statement  shows  the  maximum  number  of  cows  that  may  be  tested  at 
a  time  by  one  supervisor : 

Maximum  number  of  cows 
On  short-time  On  yearly 

Number  of  milkings  ("Official")  ("Semi-official") 

per  day  tests  tests 

4  times 6  8 

3  times 8  10 

2  times  12  15 

If  cows  placed  on  a  test  are  milked  different  numbers  of  times  a 
day,  the  maximum  number  to  be  tested  at  a  time  shall  be  that  allowed 
for  the  largest  number  of  milkings. 

The  numbers  of  cows  given  above  are  as  high  as  a  conscientious 
and  experienced  supervisor  can  test  at  a  time,  as  a  rule,  when  com- 
posite samples  are  taken,  the  calculations  kept  up  to  date,  and  the 
rules  as  to  the  supervision  of  the  tests  are  carefully  observed  in  all 
details. 

Tests  for  California  Breeders  of  Dairy  Cattle. — Advanced-Registry 
tests  of  cows  owned  by  the  following  California  breeders  of  Ayrshires, 
Guernseys',  Holsteins,  Jersey,  and  Dairy  Shorthorns  were  conducted 
during  the  year  1919. 

Ayrshire. — George  W.  Fry,  La  Honda;  E.  B.  McFarland,  San  Mateo;  J.  Henry 
Meyer,  Watsonville;  University  of  California,  University  Farm,  Davis. 

Guernsey. — Adamson  Corporation,  Van  Nuys;  J.  H.  Bowles,  Merced;  W.  IT. 
Dupee,  Santee;  Elliot-Brant  Kancho,  Owensmouth;  J.  W.  Gemmer,  Eipon;  A.  B. 
Humphrey,  Escalon;  B.  E.  Nixon,  Yountville;  Palo  Alto  Stock  Farm,  Palo  Alto; 
W.  H.  Saylor,  Nicolaus;  L.  Dee  Smith,  Berkeley;  University  of  California, 
University  Farm,  Davis;  A.  J.  "Welch,  Redwood  City;  G.  W.  Wilder,  Colton. 

Holstein-Friesian. — K.  W.  Abbott,  Ripon;  Mrs.  Anita  M.  Baldwin,  Santa 
Anita;  E.  D.  Barry,  Jr.,  Daggett;  H.  G.  Ball,  Tulare;  J.  W.  Benoit,  Modesto; 
A.  M.  Bibens,  Modesto;  Bock  Bros.,  Pacheco;  Bonita  Stock  Farms,  Lodi ;  Bridgford 
Holstein  Co.,  Patterson;  Burr  Creamery  Co.,  Los  Angeles;  California  George  Junior 
Republic,  Chino;  J.  M.  Campbell,  Escalon;  J.  M.  Christen,  Pacheco;  H.  E.  Corn- 
well,  Modesto;  F.  A.  Darling,  Escalon;  H.  A.  DeWolf,  Modesto;  Mrs.  Annie 
Donders,   Fresno;    D.    D.   Ellmore,   Baldwin    Park;    R.    Fisher,    Carlotta;    E.    E. 


Circular  218 


ADVANCED-REGISTRY  TESTING  FOR  COWS 


Freeman,  Modesto;  J.  S.  Gibson  Co.,  Williams;  T.  J.  Gist,  Tulare;  Gotshall  and 
Magruder,  Ripon;  E.  F.  Guerin,  Tulare;  Harlan  Co.,  Woodland;  Henderson  Co., 
Gait;  W.  J.  Higdon,  Tulare;  J.  D.  High,  Modesto;  Harry  Hill,  Tulare;  Chas.  F. 
Heil,  Santa  Ana;  M.  M.  Holdridge,  San  Jose;  Fred  Hartsook,  Lankershim;  R. 
L.  Holmes,  Modesto;  J.  J.  Jeffries,  Burbank;  E.  J.  Kelleran,  Modesto;  Arthur 
B.  Kendall,  Modesto;  F.  W.  Kiesel,  Sacramento;  S.  G.  Kounias,  Modesto;  Lee- 
man  and  Kilgore,  Ripon;  Lewis  Co.,  Hollister;  Los  Angeles  County  Farm,  Hondo; 


Fig.  6. — Location  of  pure-bred  dairy  herds  in  California,  in  which  Advanced- 
Registry  tests  were  conducted  during  1919. 


W.  F.  Mitchell,  Tulare;  A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp.,  Woodland;  Mrs.  Catherine 
Mays,  Newman;  George  Maze,  Modesto;  James  Gillivray,  Sacramento;  W. 
D.  Millard,  Arcadia;  Millbrae  Dairy,  Millbrae;  Jas.  Miller,  Modesto;  E.  M. 
Morrow,  Modesto;  Napa  State  Hospital,  Napa;  Palo  Alto  Stock  Farm,  Palo 
Alto;  J.  D.  Patterson,  Patterson;  Pecho  Ranch  and  Stock  Farm,  San  Luis 
Obispo;  J.  P.  Phillips,  Dixon;  J.  H.  Posty,  Atwater;  Pottinger  Sanatorium, 
Monrovia;  Fred  D.  Ross,  Hanford;  John  Saxer,  Modesto;  O.  A.  Shirk.  Modesto; 
H.  H.  Sisson,  Willits;  Geo.  A.  Smith,  Corcoran;  H.  E.  Spires,  Caruthers;  A.  J. 
Stalder,   Riverside;    E.   R.   Stalder,  Nuevo;   Fred  Stenzel,   San  Lorenzo;    R.   C. 


10  UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA — EXPERIMENT    STATION 

Sturgeon,  Tulare;  Toyon  Farms,  Los  Altos  and  Lawrence;  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, University  Farm,  Davis;  H.  E.  Vogel,  Fresno;  H.  E.  Van  Blaricon,  El 
Monte;  H.  M.  Warden,  San  Luis  Obispo;  Alex.  Whaley,  Tulare;  Whittier  State 
School,  Whittier;  E.  F.  Young,  Modesto. 

Jersey. — Bonnikson  Bros.,  Ferndale;  G.  E.  Brown,  El  Monte;  D.  F.  Conant, 
Modesto;  H.  H.  Cook,  Chino;  J.  W.  Coppini,  Ferndale;  E.  W.  Doane,  Merced; 
E.  E.  Eichner,  Selma;  F.  W.  Elleby,  Modesto;  E.  E.  Greenough,  Merced;  Dr.  H. 
G.  Gross,  Eureka;  W.  G.  Gurnett,  Orland;  Dr.  H.  W.  Hand,  Orland;  C.  D.  Hay- 
worth,  Modesto;  Hearst  Estate,  Pleasanton;  A.  A.  Jenkins,  Tulare;  S.  P.  Kelly, 
Ferndale;  Guy  H.  Miller,  Modesto;  W.  H.  Rough,  Arlington;  J.  E.  Thorp,  Locke- 
ford;  University  of  California,  University  Farm,  Davis;  F.  H.  Van  Derpoel, 
Riverside;  F.  M.  West,  Fullerton;  J.  E.  Wherrell,  Riverside;  E.  J.  Wilson,  Ripon. 

Milking  Shorthorn.— Alexander  and  Kellogg,  Suisun. 

Supervisors. — Official  tests  are  carried  on  by  representatives  of  the 
College  of  Agriculture,  called  supervisors.  These  men  are  for  the  most 
part  students  of  dairy  farming  who  are  following  official  test  work 
for  a  time  before  becoming  herdsmen  or  dairy  farmers.  Most  of  them 
are  graduates  of  one  of  the  regular  courses  offered  by  the  College  of 
Agriculture,  or  have  spent  some  time  as  students  in  the  Dairy  Division 
at  the  University  Farm.  There  is  also  a  group  of  ex-service  men  who 
have  been  trained  in  this  type  of  work  under  the  Federal  Board  to 
overcome  handicaps  received  in  line  of  duty. 

Experienced  and  trained  young  men  who  wish  to  take  up  dairy -test 
work  are  invited  to  communicate  with  the  Superintendent  of  Advanced- 
Registry  Tests,  University  Farm,  Davis.  It  offers  exceptional  oppor- 
tunities to  see  some  of  the  best  dairy  cattle  in  the  state,  to  become 
acquainted  with  dairy  farming  and  agricultural  conditions  through- 
out California,  and  to  get  in  touch  with  progressive  breeders  and 
feeders  in  all  parts  of  the  state.  Where  the  training  of  candidates  for 
this  work  is  considered  insufficient,  opportunities  for  complete  pre- 
paration will  be  afforded  at  the  University  Farm.  All  expenses  are 
met,  equipment  supplied,  and  fair  wages  paid  to  supervisors  while  on 
duty. 

It  is  for  the  best  interests  of  all  breeders  of  dairy  cattle  in  Cali- 
fornia that  the  best  type  of  men  that  can  be  secured  be  employed  and 
retained  as  test  supervisors.  They  are  asked,  therefore,  to  furnish  our 
men  so  far  as  possible  with  good  living  conditions  and  to  aid  them  in 
the  discharge  of  their  duties  by  providing  good  facilities  for  doing 
their  work. 

The  following  supervisors  have  been  employed  in  the  work  of  dairy 
testing  during  the  present  season  up  to  January  10,  1920 : 

"B.  F.  Ackerman,  Walter  J.  Adams,  George  Ambrose,  L.  J.  Birge,  Henry 
Bivens,  C.  Casanova,  Frank  A.  Clelland,  Howard  B.  Cobb,  M.  C.  Collarino,  W. 


Circular  218  advanced-registry  testing  for  cows  11 

C.  Collins,  G.  H.  Cronje,  J.  A.  Daroux,  E.  R.  Davis,  Thomas  Dooner,  Van  F. 
Dunlap,  Robert  Edwards,  Bruce  Q.  Engle,  Leo  Flynn,  Arthur  Folger,  L.  W. 
Garretson,  Clarence  Hayford,  Carl  Helgestad,  M.  H.  Herspring,  George  Holmes, 
George  D.  Home,  A.  L.  Ingebritson,  W.  H.  Irwin,  Roy  Ish,  Lyman  Kanst,  F. 
P.  Keen,  E.  J.  Kelleran,  Albert  L.  Kelley,  George  P.  Kelsey,  Harry  H.  Kent, 
J.  Russell  Kerr,  Wendell  L.  Kingsley,  Charles  Klint,  G.  E.  Knight,  Phillip 
Livingston,  Warren  Loree,  J.  A.  Lorentzen,  H.  W.  McCormick,  G.  A.  Moore, 
John  Nielsen,  C.  C.  Norton,  Samuel  E.  Olson,  L.  Owen,  Jack  Pace,  A.  P.  Pea- 
cock, Geo.  Pfaff,  Harry  W.  Platz,  J.  H.  Porter,  M.  H.  Raven,  Carl  Robertson, 
P.  Rudolph,  Macedoine  Rouel,  G.  L.  Runyon,  E.  R.  Shepherd,  Ira  C.  Smith, 
Howell  A.  Smith,  E.  L.  Stanley,  Trevanen  Johns  Taylor,  Lawrence  W.  Taylor, 
Russell  D.  Thomas,  H.  D.  Wiadro,  A.  R.  Wickham. 

Verification  of  test  reports:  Miss  L.  Corcoran. 

Check  tests  of  composite  samples:  Mrs.  M.  F.  Alexander. 


LEADING  RECORDS  OF  PRODUCTION  IN  CALIFORNIA 

A.  Yearly  Records. — The  yearly  records  in  the  different  dairy 
breeds  for  the  various  ages  classified  by  the  respective  breed  associa- 
tions and  for  tests  made. in  California  up  to  March  1,  1920,  are  as 
follows.     The  name  of  the  owner  appears  under  the  name  of  the  cow. 

Ayrshires 

Age 
Name  of  cow  and  owner  Years 

Willowmoor  Cherry  Over  5 

University  of  California. 
Willowmoor  Cherry  4*-5 

University  of  California. 
Willowmoor  Vesta  4th  4-4* 

E.  B.  McFarland. 
*Rena  Ross  3d 3-3*, 

J.  Henry  Meyer. 

*  Record  made  outside  of  state. 

Guernseys 

Belladia Over  5 

W.  H.  Dupee. 
Imp.  Brittleware  Mistletoe 4^-5 

G.  W.  Wilder. 
Imp.  Dawn  of  Sarnia 4-4| 

W.  H.  Dupee. 
Jessy  Rose  of  Edgemoor 3*-4 

W.  H.  Dupee. 
Imp.  Donnington  Goldie  5th 3-3£ 

W.  H.  Dupee. 
Jesebel  of  Edgemoor  2^-3 

W.  H.  Dupee. 
Imp.  Miss  Violet  of  St.  Andrews  2-2* 

W.  H.  Dupee. 


Milk 
Lbs. 

12,601.0 

Butterfat 
Per  cent         Lbs. 

4.37         551.41 

10,465.0 

4.25 

445.01 

17,775'.0 

4.25 

753.18 

13,710.0 

4.03 

551.89 

19,631.9 

4.77 

934.05 

14,467.2 

5.19 

751.38 

13,897.8 

5.46 

759.38 

9,676.5 

6.35 

614.50 

17,861.7 

4.46 

796.52 

12,434.9 

6.02 

748.32 

9,104.3 

6.64 

604.18 

12 


UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT    STATION 

HOL  STEINS 


Age 
Name  of  cow  and  owner  Years 

Aaggie  Acme  of  Kiverside  2d Over  5 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 
De  Kol  of  Valley  Mead  2d 4f-5 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 
Aaggie  Acme  of  Riverside  2d  4-4£ 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 
De  Kol  of  Valley  Mead  2d 3f-4 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 
Johanna  Princess  Mooie  2d  3-3* 

Palo  Alto  Stock  Farm. 
Aralia  De  Kol  Pontiac  Mead 2^-3 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 
Miss  Aaggie  Acme  Burke  2-2* 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 

Jerseys 

Age 
Name  of  cow  and  owner  Years 

Interested  Jap's  Santa  Over  5 

University  of  California. 
Pansy's  Lily  S 4^-5 

D.  F.  Conant. 
Interested  Jap's  Santa  4-4£ 

University  of  California. 
Jewel  of  Venadera  3*-4 

Guy  H.  Miller. 
Verde  of  Willowwood  3-3* 

J.  E.  Wherrell. 
Interested  Jap's  Santa  2*-3 

University  of  California. 
Mamie  Owl 2-2£ 

D.  F.  Conant. 
Jewel  of  Venadera Under  2 

Guy  H.  Miller. 

Milking  Shorthorns 

Age 
Name  of  cow  and  owner  Years 

Sylvia  4^-5 

Alexander  and  Kellogg. 


Milk 
Lbs. 

24,690.0 
20,326.4 
19,577.3 
17,709.3 
25,596.5 
18,362.5 
24,300.0 

Milk 

Lbs. 

15,569.4 

9,609.9 

13,308.5 

10,262.6 

10,605.1 

9,052.5 

7,830.3 

8,017.8 


Milk 

Lbs. 

11,746.0 


Butterfat 
Per  cent         Lbs. 


4.32 
3.98 
4.47 
4.09 
3.66 
4.06 
3.37 


1,065.42 
809'.37 
876.08 
725.02 
937.74 
745.95 
820.00 


Butterfat 


Per  cent 
6.04 

5.61 

6.05 

5.94 

5.57 

6.50 

5.56 

5.52 


Lbs. 
940.72 

539.37 

805.72 
609.54 
591 .39 
588.16 
435.14 
442.40 


Butterfat 
Per  cent         Lbs. 
4.09          481.43 


B.    Short-time  Records. — The  butterfat  records  on  short-time  tests 
held  by  California  cows  on  March  1,  1920,  are  given  below. 

a.  Seven-day  Eecords 

Name  of  cow  and  owner 


Milk 
Lbs. 

831.7 


Age 
Years 
Over  5'     Adirondac  Wietske  Dairy  Maid 
Bridgford  Holstein  Co. 
4*         Euby  Pietertje  of  Forest  Hill  2d       667.9 
W.  J.  Higdon. 

4  K.  P.  Idyl  Segis  510.8 

McAlister  and  Sons. 
3£         Aralia  De  Kol  Pontiac  Mead*  ....       511.8 
A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 


Butterfat 
Lbs.      Per  cent 

32.813       3.95 


Calc.  butter 

(80%)  fat 

Lbs. 

41.02 


31.797 
28.489 

27.537 


4.79 
5.58 
5.38 


39.74 
35.61 
34.42 


Record  broken  at  time  of  going  to  press. 


Circular  218  advanced-registry  testing  for  COWS  13 

Calc.  butter 
Age  Name  of  cow  and  owner  Milk  Butterfat  (80%)  fat 

Years  Lbs.  Lbs.     Per  cent  Lbs. 

3  Miss  Valley  Mead  De  K.  Walker       688.6  29.445       4.28  36.81 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 

2*         K.  P.  Tola  Joe 459.1  21.719       4.73  27.15 

Gotshall  and  Magruder. 

2  Tulip  Walker 493.6  21.161       4.29  26.45 

Bridgford  Holstein  Co. 

b.  Thirty-day  Records 

Calc.  butter 
Age  Name  of  cow  and  owner  Milk  Butterfat  (80%)  fat 

Years  Lbs.  Lbs.     Per  cent  Lbs. 

Over  5     Adirondac  Wietske  Dairy  Maid..    3,603.1         126.646       3.51         158.31 
Bridgford  Holstein  Co. 
4£         Ruby  Pietertje  of  Forest  Hill  2d    3,144.5         129.572       4.12         161.97 
W.  J.  Higdon. 

4  K.  P.  Idyl  Segis*  2,483.6         105.641       4.25         132.05 

McAlister  and  Sons. 

3£         Aralia  De  Kol  Pontiac  Mead  2,194.4         110.472       5.03         138.09 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 

3  Nattalene  Walker 3,321.7         108.082       3.25         136.1 

Bridgford  Holstein  Co. 
2|         Miss  Valley  Mead  De  K.  Walker    2,263.0  81.903       3.63         102.38 

Anita  M.  Baldwin. 

2  Miss  Aaggie  Acme  Burke 2,321.1  85.242       3.67         106.55 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 

c.  Records  made  Eight  Months  after  Calving 

Calc.  butter 

Age              Name  of  cow  and  owner  Milk  Butterfat  (80%)  fat 

Years  Lbs.  Lbs.     Per  cent  Lbs. 

Over  5     Margaret  Aralia  De  Kol 397.8  20.688       3.75  25.99 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 

4£         Pet  Salambo  of  Riverside 396.2  14.857       3.75  18.56 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 

4  Aaggie  Acme  of  Riverside  329.8  14.419       4.37  18.02 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 

3£         De  Kol  of  Valley  Mead  2d* 308.5  13.743       4.45  17.18 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 

3  Miss  Valley  Mead  De  K.  Walker       409.5  20.117       4.91  25.15 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 
2i         Miss  Valley  Mead  De  K.  Walker       404.2  17.066       4.22  21.33 

Anita  M.  Baldwin. 
2  Miss  Aaggie  Acme  Burke 325.3  16.091       4.07  20.11 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 

High-producing  Cows. — The  following  California  cows  have  pro- 
duced more  than  1000  lbs.  of  butterfat  in  one  year. 

Name  of  cow  and  owner  Fat,  lbs.  Milk,  lbs.  Ave,  test 

Aaggie  Acme  of  Riverside  2d 1,065.42         24,690.0  4.32 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 
Laurameka   1,061.27         29,899.0  3.55 

Palo  Alto  Stock  Farm. 
Tilly  Alcartra  1,058.42         33,425.3  3.17 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp. 

*  Record  broken  at  time  of  going  to  press. 


14  UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA — EXPERIMENT    STATION 

The  following  California  cows  have  produced  more  than  30,000  lbs. 
of  milk  during  one  year. 

Milk  Fat  Ave.  Age  of  cow 

Name  of  cow  and  owner  Lbs.  Lbs.  test  Yrs.  Mo. 

Tilly  Alcartra  30,451.4  951.23  3.12  5       1 

A.  W.  Morris  and  Sons  Corp.  33,425.3*      1,058.42  3.17  9       2 

Winnie  Korndyke  Cornucopia  De  K.     31,034.2  960.85  3.10  8       8 

X  S.  Gibson  Co. 
Raphaella  Johanna  Aaggie  3d  30,637.2f         826.73  2.70  6       4 

Napa  State  Hospital. 
Ormsby  Segis  Marie 30,249.0  958.64  3.15  5       0 

Toyon  Farms. 

Cows  of  all  breeds  producing  over  30,000  lbs.  milk  in  one  year 10 

Cows  in  California  producing  over  30,000  lbs.  milk  in  one  year  4 

(40  per  cent  of  total  number) 

*  World's  milk  record. 

t  Strictly  official  world's  milk  record. 


RULES  GOVERNING  SUPERVISION  OF  TESTS 

The  dairy  tests  in  the  state  are  conducted  under  the  following  rules  : 

1.  In  commencing  a  test  the  supervisor  must  satisfy  himself  as  to 
the  identity  of  the  cows  to  he  tested.  Where  any  doubt  exists,  outline 
drawings  showing  markings  of  cows  shall  be  submitted  with  test 
reports. 

2.  He  must  be  present  at  each  and  every  milking  during  the  test 
and  see  to  it  that  the  pail  as  weighed  contains  nothing  but  the  milk 
drawn  from  the  cow  under  test. 

3.  Only  one  cow  shall  be  hand-milked  at  a  time,  and  the  supervisor 
must  in  every  case  be  in  a  position  to  observe  the  milker  during  the 
whole  milking.  In  herds  where  machine-milking  is  practiced,  the  cows 
regularly  milked  by  one  operator  may  be  milked  at  a  time. 

4.  Immediately  after  the  milk  is  drawn  at  each  milking  the  super- 
visor shall  take  charge  of  the  pail  and  contents,  weigh  the  same  on 
scales  provided  by  the  College,  and  at  once  enter  the  exact  weight  of 
the  milk  on  his  records. 

5.  An  extra  pail  shall  be  provided  by  the  owner,  and  the  milk  shall 
be  poured  from  one  pail  to  another  until  thoroughly  mixed,  or  it  may 
be  thoroughly  stirred  by  means  of  a  dipper.  The  supervisor  shall  then 
take  a  correct  sample  of  the  milk  sufficient  for  his  test  and  for  the 
composite  sample. 

6.  All  samples  of  milk  shall  be  kept  under  lock  and  key  or  in  the 
supervisor's  sight  until  tested. 

7.  The  fat  determinations  shall  always  be  made  in  duplicate,  using 
properly  calibrated  glassware,  and  both  determinations  recorded.  The 
average  must  be  used  in  computing  the  amount  of  fat.     The  samples 


Circular  218  ADVANCED-REGISTRY  TESTING  FOR  COWS  15 

taken  at  any  one  milking  shall  not  be  thrown  away  until  satisfactory 
duplicate  tests  of  the  milking  are  obtained. 

8.  The  reading  of  the  tests  shall  be  made  at  a  temperature  of  130 
to  140  degrees  F.  If  duplicate  determinations  vary  more  than  .2  per 
cent,  the  test  must  be  repeated. 

9.  A  composite  sample  of  all  milkings  for  each  cow  on  the  test  shall 
be  correctly  taken  and  preserved;  these  samples  shall  be  forwarded  to 
the  University  Farm  immediately  upon  completion  of  a  two-day  or 
seven-day  test ;  and  in  the  case  of  tests  for  longer  periods,  at  intervals 
not  to  exceed  two  weeks.  Suitable  containers  for  such  composite 
samples  shall  be  furnished  by  the  owners  of  the  cow  on  test. 

10.  The  supervisor  shall  report  to  the  official  in  charge  of  Advanced- 
Registry  testing  in  the  State  any  violations  of  the  rules  of  the  breed 
association  or  of  the  college  on  the  part  of  the  owner  or  attendants 
that  may  come  to  his  attention. 

11.  Supervisors  are  required  to  take  an  oath  of  office  each  year, 
which  promises  honesty  and  obedience  to  rules  in  carrying  out  tests. 

As  a  further  check  the  various  breed  associations  require  retests 
whenever  an  exceptional  production  is  obtained.  In  short-time  tests 
these  are  "constant  watch,"  and  two  supervisors  take  part  in  all 
weighings  and  determinations.  In  long-time  tests  a  different  super- 
visor carries  on  another  test  within  ten  or  fifteen  days  of  the  first. 

The  tests  of  composite  samples  are  made  by  a  trained  assistant  in 
the  Division  of  Animal  Husbandry  at  University  Farm,  Davis.  This 
testing  constitutes  a  check  on  the  work  done  by  supervisors  in  the  field. 
The  supervisors  are  also  visited  from  time  to  time  while  at  work  on 
ranches.  Where  marked  slackness,  inaccuracy,  or  dishonesty  are  dis- 
covered the  supervisor  will  be  promptly  dropped  from  the  force. 
Breeders  are  requested  to  keep  this  office  informed  of  the  testing  work 
done  for  them,  as  it  is  important  to  know  of  the  character  of  the  field 
work  of  supervisors,  whether  it  be  commendable  or  deficient. 


